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Astronomers detect the most massive black hole merger ever

On November 23, 2023, a groundbreaking astronomical event unfolded as scientists from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration detected the most massive black hole merger ever observed. The finding was detailed in a July 13, 2025, press release shared by the University of Birmingham. This cosmic collision occurred when two colossal black holes, approximately 100 and 140 timesContinue reading "Astronomers detect the most massive black hole merger ever"

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Astronomers see a new solar system forming for the first time

A newborn planetary system is forming around HOPS-315, a protostar (one that recently formed) that sits some 1,300 light-years away in the constellation Orion the Hunter. This star isn’t in the star-forming region known as the Orion Nebula, however. It lies in a region of space known as the L1630 molecular cloud. Astronomers often seeContinue reading "Astronomers see a new solar system forming for the first time"

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What is Planck’s constant?

Planck’s constant is one of the most important numbers in all of physics. It is, essentially, the ultimate guide to the quantum world. It tells us where quantum effects are important, the fundamental energy carried by light and matter, and more. And it all started as an ugly hack. The black body In the lateContinue reading "What is Planck’s constant?"

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Deep-Sky Dreams: The Broken Engagement Ring

The sky is full of interesting and unusual asterisms. If you look around hard enough, or are tired enough, you can convince yourself that you see patterns of stars that resemble practically anything.  But certain asterisms, simply patterns of stars that are composed of members not physically associated with each other, stand out more thanContinue reading "Deep-Sky Dreams: The Broken Engagement Ring"

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July 16, 1850: Bond and Whipple photograph Vega

In 1839, the president of Harvard University invited William Bond to move into a house on campus and, by virtue of bringing along his own astronomical equipment, become the university’s first astronomer in residence. With public interest spurred by the 1835 passage of Halley’s Comet and the Comet of 1843, Harvard soon had enough moneyContinue reading "July 16, 1850: Bond and Whipple photograph Vega"

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Interstellar visitor

Chris Schur, taken from Payson, Arizona The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS — just the third to be discovered — is captured in this amateur shot (click and zoom in to see inset) next to the open cluster M23 (at right). The imager used a 10-inch f/3.9 scope to take 30 minutes of LRGB exposure.

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The Sky Today on Wednesday, July 16: The Moon hangs with Neptune and Saturn

The now-waning Moon is passing through Pisces in the early-morning sky. Our satellite slides 3° north of Neptune at 6 A.M. EDT, then passes 4° north of Saturn at 7 A.M. EDT. It’s a lovely view for early risers, who can catch the scene in the few hours before dawn. Two hours before sunrise, theContinue reading "The Sky Today on Wednesday, July 16: The Moon hangs with Neptune and Saturn"

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The biggest piece of Mars on Earth is up for auction

Sotheby’s in New York will be auctioning the largest martian meteorite ever found on Earth on Wednesday as part of a natural history-themed sale. Known as NWA 16788, it was found in Niger in November 2023 by a meteorite hunter. The meteorite, which is red, brown, and gray in color, measures 15 by 11 byContinue reading "The biggest piece of Mars on Earth is up for auction"

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A knotty galaxy

Ron Brecher from Guelph, Ontario, Canada The dwarf galaxy IC 2574 is also known as Coddington’s Nebula, having been discovered by American astronomer Edwin Foster Coddington in 1898, when the nature of galaxies was not yet known. In Hydrogen-alpha light, bright knotty clumps indicate prodigious amounts of star formation. This image comprises just over 17Continue reading "A knotty galaxy"

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July 15, 1943: Birth of Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Born July 15, 1943, Jocelyn Bell Burnell is a British astrophysicist best known for her discovery of pulsars. In 1967, when she was a graduate student in radio astronomy at the University of Cambridge, Bell Burnell noticed “scruff” in the data she was reviewing from the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. Bell Burnell jokingly called thisContinue reading "July 15, 1943: Birth of Jocelyn Bell Burnell"

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The Sky Today on Tuesday, July 15: Great views of the galactic center

The center of the Milky Way is on display during summer evenings, arcing slowly through the southern sky. The galactic center is located near the magnitude 4.5 star 3 Sagittarii, which sits just 4.7° northwest (to the upper right, late this evening if you’re facing south) of Gamma (γ) Sgr, the star at the tipContinue reading "The Sky Today on Tuesday, July 15: Great views of the galactic center"

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Astronomers discover a perfectly spherical supernova remnant

In a universe governed by turbulence and chaos, perfection is rarely more than a mathematical ideal. Yet astronomers are puzzling over a newfound object that seems to defy that rule: a glowing, nearly flawless circular shell of gas and dust, likely the remnant of a long-dead star, that has remarkably preserved its shape in aContinue reading "Astronomers discover a perfectly spherical supernova remnant"

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Gilmour aims for orbit again as Starlink surges continue

Mission Highlight: Gilmour Eris Testflight 1 After weeks of delays, Australia is finally poised to join the orbital launch club. Gilmour Space Technologies is expected to debut its Eris rocket with a test launch from Queensland’s Bowen Orbital Spaceport no earlier than (NET) July 16. The three-stage rocket, powered by hybrid engines fueled by aContinue reading "Gilmour aims for orbit again as Starlink surges continue"

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This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher: Globular cluster M4

In this episode, Astronomy magazine Editor Dave Eicher invites you to head out and observe M4, the wonderful globular cluster in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion. You can use the Scorpion’s brightest star, 1st-magnitude Antares, as your guide. Although sharp-eyed observers may pick this up with their naked eyes, its swarms of stars look best through aContinue reading "This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher: Globular cluster M4"

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Senate appropriations committee pushes back on 2026 NASA budget cuts

In a July 10 markup meeting, the Senate Appropriations Committee, responsible for crafting the specific spending bills that allocate federal funds across the government, pushed back against President Trump’s proposed FY2026 budget. The comments signaled bipartisan resistance in the Senate to steep cuts in federal science funding. The president’s proposed budget, released in May, aimedContinue reading "Senate appropriations committee pushes back on 2026 NASA budget cuts"

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Why will our Sun expel its outer layers as it dies? 

Why will our Sun expel its outer layers as it dies? Daniel StanyerAugusta, Kansas First, let’s discriminate between expansion and expulsion. Expansion happens because the thermal pressure from the increased energy production in the Sun’s interior exceeds the gravitational force keeping the Sun’s matter close to its core. The Sun will expand until a newContinue reading "Why will our Sun expel its outer layers as it dies? "

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July 14, 2015: New Horizon arrives at Pluto

New Horizons launched in January 2006, and by July 14, 2015, it had reached its primary goal: Pluto. The first spacecraft to study Pluto up close, it conducted measurements of Pluto’s atmosphere, mapped the surface geology, observed Pluto’s moons. New Horizons also investigated the dwarf planet’s interior structure, adding support to the theory that PlutoContinue reading "July 14, 2015: New Horizon arrives at Pluto"

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The Sky Today on Monday, July 14: Saturn and Juno are stationary

Saturn stands stationary amid the stars of Pisces at 4 A.M. EDT. It is followed two hours later by asteroid 3 Juno, which reaches its stationary point in Libra at 6 A.M. EDT.  Only Saturn is visible in the morning sky, while Juno is up after sunset. Starting in the morning, look for magnitude 0.9Continue reading "The Sky Today on Monday, July 14: Saturn and Juno are stationary"

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July 13, 1969: Luna 15 launches

On July 13, 1969, the Soviet Union launched Luna 15, an unmanned spacecraft seen as a rival to the American Apollo 11 mission, which launched just three days later. Luna 15’s goal was to land on the Moon, collect rock samples, and return to Earth before the Apollo astronauts. But the heightened moment of competitionContinue reading "July 13, 1969: Luna 15 launches"

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The Sky Today on Sunday, July 13: The Bull has two eyes

Venus passes 3° north of Aldebaran in Taurus at midnight EDT; the pair is visible in the early-morning sky, well positioned in the east for two hours before sunrise.  Venus is notably brighter — magnitude –4.1, far outshining magnitude 0.9 Aldebaran, the brightest star in the Taurus and cataloged as Alpha (α) Tauri. Together, theContinue reading "The Sky Today on Sunday, July 13: The Bull has two eyes"

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July 12, 1988: Phobos 2 launches

The Soviet Union launched Phobos 2 on July 12, 1988, the second of two uncrewed probes designed to study Mars, moons Phobos and Deimos, the Sun, and the interplanetary environment. Each probe was equipped with 25 instruments including high-energy detectors; X-ray and solar photometers; infrared, ultrasound, and gamma-ray spectrometers; and more. Phobos 1 was lostContinue reading "July 12, 1988: Phobos 2 launches"

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The Sky Today on Saturday, July 12: M56 in Lyra

Already high in the east an hour after sunset is the constellation Lyra the Lyre, easy to locate thanks to its brightest star, magnitude 0 Vega. Tonight, we’re looking southeast of this star at M56, an 8th-magnitude globular cluster in near the border of Lyra and Cygnus. In fact, one of the easiest ways toContinue reading "The Sky Today on Saturday, July 12: M56 in Lyra"

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High-altitude shower

Xiaofeng Qu, taken from Lijiang, Yunnan, China The Geminid meteor shower appears to rain down upon the Gaomeigu Astronomical Observatory (altitude: 10,500 feet [3,200 meters]) in this carefully composed 10-panel panorama. Also visible are numerous Hα features glowing across the sky, like the Orion Loop just above the observatory dome. The imager used 4 NikonContinue reading "High-altitude shower"

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Michael’s Miscellany: The Eyes Have It

I thought I’d write a bit about several eye-related topics. First up is resolution, which is the ability to see details in objects. We have decreased resolution at night, and little color vision as well, for multiple reasons: reduced numbers of retinal cells firing, the color shift in sensitivity vs. the focus ability of theContinue reading "Michael’s Miscellany: The Eyes Have It"

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Smithsonian pushing back on plans to relocate space shuttle

There is a battle brewing over ownership of a retired NASA space shuttle. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, signed into law by President Donald Trump at the White House last week, sets aside $85 million to relocate the space shuttle Discovery from its current home at the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in northernContinue reading "Smithsonian pushing back on plans to relocate space shuttle"

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July 11, 1801: Jean-Louis Pons finds his first comet

On July 11, 1801, French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons made his first comet discovery, c/1801 N1. When he’d began his career in 1789 as a doorkeeper (essentially, a concierge) at Marseille Observatory, the directors had recognized his talents and taught him more about astronomy. That background, combined with his exceptional observational skills and the ability toContinue reading "July 11, 1801: Jean-Louis Pons finds his first comet"

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The Sky Today on Friday, July 11: The demon in the morning sky

There’s a demon in the early-morning sky, amid the stars of Perseus the Hero. Second-magnitude Algol (Beta Persei) is also famously known as the Demon Star, and you can spot it two hours before sunrise, standing 30° high in the east, to the upper left of the Pleiades.  Algol is dubbed a demon because everyContinue reading "The Sky Today on Friday, July 11: The demon in the morning sky"

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The Sky This Week from July 11 to 18: The Moon hangs with Saturn and Neptune

Sky This Week is brought to you in part by Celestron. Friday, July 11The Moon passes just 0.02° north of the dim, distant dwarf planet Pluto at 7 P.M. EDT. However, the bright light from our satellite will make Pluto — already a challenging object requiring the largest amateur instruments — even more difficult toContinue reading "The Sky This Week from July 11 to 18: The Moon hangs with Saturn and Neptune"

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Trump taps Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy as ‘interim’ NASA head

President Donald Trump announced Wednesday evening that U.S. Secretary of Transportation Sean Duffy would serve as an “interim administrator” of NASA. “He will be a fantastic leader of the ever more important Space Agency, even if only for a short period of time,” Trump said in a post on Truth Social, his social media platform.Continue reading "Trump taps Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy as ‘interim’ NASA head"

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An ancient pair

Chuck Ayoub from Redford, MI Globular cluster M53 in Coma Berenices (at right) is accompanied by fainter NGC 5053 (at left). Astronomers have reported evidence for a tidal tail, suggesting the pair have interacted in the past. The imager took 2.5 hours of exposure with a Celestron RASA 8-inch f/2 scope and a one-shot colorContinue reading "An ancient pair"

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Deep-Sky Dreams: NGC 3079 and Quasar 0957+561   

Quasars were a mystery when first discovered in the early 1960s. They are extremely distant, starlike objects that emit enormous amounts of energy. Years later, astronomers understood that quasars are the extremely energetic centers of young galaxies, powered by supermassive black holes. The fact that they are mostly young (the black holes generally quiet downContinue reading "Deep-Sky Dreams: NGC 3079 and Quasar 0957+561   "

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Behind the scenes of NASA’s Project Gemini: Astronomy chats with Jeffrey Kluger

Few authors have had as big an impact on space journalism as Jeffrey Kluger. His 1994 book Lost Moon, co-authored with Astronaut James Lovell, was the basis for the 1995 film Apollo 13, which starred Tom Hanks and was directed by Ron Howard. Other books by Kluger have focused on the flight of Apollo 8 and NASA’s unmannedContinue reading "Behind the scenes of NASA’s Project Gemini: Astronomy chats with Jeffrey Kluger"

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July 10, 1856: The birth of Nicola Tesla

Inventor Nikola Tesla was born July 10, 1856, in what is now Croatia (then part of the Austrian Empire). In 1899, Tesla recorded cosmic radio waves in his Colorado Springs, Colorado, laboratory. Though he believed the waves were extraterrestrial signals from another planet, today we know that they are part of the spectrum of anContinue reading "July 10, 1856: The birth of Nicola Tesla"

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The Sky Today on Thursday, July 10: The Full Buck Moon swings low

Full Moon occurs at 4:37 P.M. EDT this afternoon and will rise in the southeast around the time the Sun is setting in the northwest. The July Full Moon is also called the Buck Moon, and this month our satellite also rises at its farthest point south in 18.6 years: some 7° more southerly thanContinue reading "The Sky Today on Thursday, July 10: The Full Buck Moon swings low"

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Congress adds Artemis funding to Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill,” backing NASA’s Moon return plans

When President Donald Trump signed the “One Big Beautiful Bill” into law on July 4, an amendment to the legislation introduced by Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas) provided NASA with additional funding beyond the standard fiscal year 2025 budget. This extra money — around $9.9 billion — is intended to support key programs like Artemis, theContinue reading "Congress adds Artemis funding to Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill,” backing NASA’s Moon return plans"

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July 9, 1979: Voyager 2’s Jupiter visit

On July 9, 1979, NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft came within 404,003 miles (650,180 kilometers) of Jupiter. Launched in August 1977, the Voyager probes were originally planned to study Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 1 arrived at Jupiter in March 1979, and Voyager 2 followed a few months later. Equipped with narrow- and wide-angle cameras, an interferometer,Continue reading "July 9, 1979: Voyager 2’s Jupiter visit"

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Shells of its former self

Adriano Anfuso/Vikas Chander The elliptical galaxy NGC 474 (lower right) contains multiple shell-like structures and tidal tails as a result of past interactions with other galaxies. The galaxy is currently interacting with a neighboring spiral galaxy, NGC 470 (just to its left). The lenticular galaxy NGC 467 (at left) is a background galaxy, more thanContinue reading "Shells of its former self"

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The Sky Today on Wednesday, July 9: Venus and the Pleiades

Venus hangs below the Pleiades in the early-morning sky today. The bright planet is quickly closing in on Taurus’ brightest star, Aldebaran, which it will pass closely next week. Step outside 90 minutes before sunrise to spot blazing Venus (magnitude –4.1) about 8.4° below the Pleiades open cluster (M45) in the east. The planet isContinue reading "The Sky Today on Wednesday, July 9: Venus and the Pleiades"

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July 8, 1992: Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 breaks up

In July 1992, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 made its closest approach to Jupiter, skimming 25,000 miles (40,000 km) above Jupiter’s cloud tops. That put Shoemaker-Levy 9 within the gas giant’s Roche limit; the planet’s tidal forces broke the comet into more than 20 pieces, giving it a “string of pearls” appearance and setting the stage forContinue reading "July 8, 1992: Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 breaks up"

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The Sky Today on Tuesday, July 8: Catch NGC 7686 in Andromeda

Climbing to 60° high in the east two hours before sunrise, the constellation Andromeda lies just to the upper right of the easy-to-spot W-shaped constellation Cassiopeia. This morning, let’s enjoy a view of the star cluster NGC 7686 in northwestern Andromeda, about 3° northwest of 4th-magnitude Lambda (λ) Andromedae.  This bright group of stars shinesContinue reading "The Sky Today on Tuesday, July 8: Catch NGC 7686 in Andromeda"

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Deep-Sky Dreams: The Helix Galaxy   

NGC 2685, often called the Helix Galaxy, is quite an unusual object. It is a lenticular (lens-shaped) galaxy that is also a polar ring galaxy, showing a ring of material at 90° orientation to its main axis, resulting from an interaction with a nearby galaxy. It is also a Seyfert Galaxy, its active nucleus powered byContinue reading "Deep-Sky Dreams: The Helix Galaxy   "

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Gilmour delays debut launch, Starlink flies into the week solo

Gilmour Space Technologies has officially announced that the earliest available launch window for its Eris rocket is no earlier than (NET) July 16. The launch was postponed on July 2 due to adverse weather conditions. The company confirmed the updated launch window on July 3, citing Australia’s regulatory requirement for a two-week notice to theContinue reading "Gilmour delays debut launch, Starlink flies into the week solo"

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Fireworks display

Greg Meyer from Phoenix, Arizona Three objects fill this vista on the border of Cepheus and Cygnus: the Seahorse Nebula (Barnard 150) at left and the Fireworks Galaxy (NGC 6956) and open cluster NGC 6939 at right. The imager captured over 17 hours of exposure in LRGB filters with a 3.2-inch scope.

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This Week in Astronomy with Dave Eicher: The Moon passes Antares

In this episode, Astronomy magazine Editor Dave Eicher invites you to head out during the evening of July 7 and observe the pretty bright Moon passing Antares, also known as Alpha Scorpii. Look sharp, because the Moon’s light may hinder your view of the star, especially if your location has high clouds or smoke overhead. Good luck!

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How did Edwin Hubble prove Andromeda was a galaxy?

How did a Cepheid variable star help Edwin Hubble prove the Andromeda Nebula was a galaxy?  Roger BradySan Quentin, California Cepheids are rare variable stars with periods ranging from about 1 to 120 days. Their light curve — a chart showing brightness over time — is characterized by rapid brightening followed by slow dimming inContinue reading "How did Edwin Hubble prove Andromeda was a galaxy?"

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‘Strange binary’: Astronomers discover a pulsar and a helium star orbiting each other

Astronomers have spotted a rare cosmic duo: a neutron star that rotates nearly a hundred times every second locked in an ultra-tight orbit with a semi-shredded star. The scientists who found the pair say one of these stars swallowed the other whole and then spat it back out. It’s the first discovery of a millisecondContinue reading "‘Strange binary’: Astronomers discover a pulsar and a helium star orbiting each other"

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A newly forming ocean may split Africa apart, scientists say

A plume of molten rock deep beneath eastern Africa is pulsing upward in rhythmic surges, slowly splitting the continent and potentially marking the birth of a new ocean, a new study reports.

© Dr Derek Keir, University of Southampton/ University of Florence

Hello, neighbor! See the Andromeda galaxy like never before in stunning new image from NASA's Chandra telescope (video)

Andromeda never looked as good as it does in a new image from the Chandra X-ray observatory and a range of powerful telescopes. A fitting tribute to dark matter pioneer Vera Rubin.

© X-ray: NASA/CXO/UMass/Z. Li & Q.D. Wang, ESA/XMM-Newton; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE, Spitzer, NASA/JPL-Caltech/K. Gordon (U. Az), ESA/Herschel, ESA/Planck, NASA/IRAS, NASA/COBE; Radio: NSF/GBT/WSRT/IRAM/C. Clark (STScI); Ultraviolet: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GALEX; Optical: Andromeda, Unexpected © Marcel Drechsler, Xavier Strottner, Yann Sainty & J. Sahner, T. Kottary. Composite image processing: L. Frattare, K. Arcand, J.Major

Metroid games ranked, worst to best

Short on time and looking to get ready for Metroid Prime 4 later this year? We've ranked all the Metroid games so you can focus on the must-plays.

© Nintendo

Expanding Climate Stripes

Author(s): Michael Schirber

In bringing attention to climate change, this year’s Show Your Stripes Day includes new stripe patterns depicting temperature changes in the ocean and atmosphere, as well as in future-climate scenarios.


[Physics 18, 119] Published Fri Jun 20, 2025

Muon Beams Manipulated

Author(s): Chris Rogers

Researchers have demonstrated the slowing and subsequent reacceleration of a muon beam, increasing the potential of muon beams as a research tool.


[Physics 18, 114] Published Mon Jun 16, 2025

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